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dockmin_dfp, dockmin_sim

Daniel Gschwend

Overview

Optimization of ligand-receptor interactions as a post-docking techniquepresents an efficient means of improving both scores and RMS deviation to known crystal complexes (Meng, Gschwend, Blaney and Kuntz, 1993). These refinements take the form of a rigid-body minimization of force-field score. Only non-bonded interactions are optimized, so no torsions, bond lengths or bond angles are modified. The minimizer uses the same scoring function and as DOCK, so minimized force-field scores are directly comparable with those obtained from DOCK output.

Two modes of energy calculation are available: continuum or grid-based.Continuum energies are the more accurate of the two, as they are calculated on-the-fly based on exact distance calculations to nearby atoms. Grid-based energies are less accurate as they are computed by simple summation of terms from precalculated grids, most commonly employing linear interpolation. The energies obtained via both methods are consistent with each other. As one might expect, grid-based computation is very rapid, typically 50 times faster than the analogous continuum calculation.

Two different minimization techniques are also available: quasi-Newton (dockmin_dfp) and simplex (dockmin_sim). The quasi-Newton minimizer is based on that written by Jeff Blaney (1982) and uses numerical derivatives within a modified Davidon-Fletcher-Powell routine (Fletcher, 1960). The simplex minimizer is that of Nelder and Mead (1965). On grid calculations, simplex is at least twice as fast: quasi-Newton optimization is very sensitive to local curvature and can easily get stuck on the very jagged grid-based potential surface. The quasi-Newton is slightly more accurate when performing continuum calculations, however.

Usage

Output

Customization

There are defaults for all parameters, so this step need not be performed unless you are interested in changing particular aspects of the minimization. Should you wish to change parameters, copy the appropriate parameter file from the parms directory based on the minimizer and mode of operation:

Each of the parameters in these files is explained in more detail below. Please note that if the appropriate parameter file exists in the run-time directory, it will be read, so make sure to rename or delete parameter files if you want to revert back to the defaults.

iminm
For dockmin_dfp in continuum mode: Set to 1 to perform minimization (default), set to 0 to perform only single point energies.

idiel
For continuum minimizations: set to 1 if a distance-dependent dielectric is desired (default), otherwise set to 0.

esfact
Constant to multiply dielectric by. If doing continuum minimizations, set it to the same value used in chemgrid in generating force-field grids. If doing grid minimizations, set it to 1.0, as a dielectric is already embedded in the grids being used. (default = 4.0 for continuum, 1.0 for grid)

nbcut
Non-bonded interactions cutoff. Again, set this to the same value used in chemgrid, probably around 8 to 10 Å.

incut
Cutoff radius for accepting receptor coordinates (Å). This should be set to be greater than nbcut by at least 2 Å.

interp
Choice of interpolation for grid minimizations: set to 1 for trilinear interpolation (default), set to 0 for no interpolation (nearest grid point algorithm).

mstep
Maximum number of minimization steps. Set to 0 to perform only single point calculations.

itmax
Same as mstep.

iexpon
For dockmin_dfp with grid minimizations: Set to 5 if using interpolation, 2 for nearest grid point method. This parameter was introduced to allow some user control over speed/accuracy of grid minimizations using the quasi-Newton dockmin_dfp. The minimum step size in minimization is dictated by:

grid_spacing * 10 ^ (-iexpon).

Smaller iexpon values hence increase the step-size and permit greater ligand movement - results tend to provide greater accuracy (as compared with continuum minimization results). Larger iexpon values, however, will increase speed of minimization by limiting amount of movement. Optimal values for iexpon seem to be in the range of 5 to 10 when using the trilinear interpolation energy function. Results may not be exactly consistent with these trends upon small changes in iexpon, due once again to the jagged potential surface.

cnvrgnc
Convergence criterion. For dockmin_dfp, set to a value of 0 to 2. 2 will provide accurate results (good for general minimizing), 1 and 0 will provide greater speed (about 45% faster with 0 than with 2). For dockmin_sim, this is an energy difference for convergence of a simplex.

restart
For dockmin_sim in continuum mode: minimum energy change between restarts to signal another restart.

buffer
Buffer zone for ligand to move in. Keep at 0.5 Å.

trnstp
Maximum stepsize in Å for x, y, z translation.

rotstp
Maximum stepsize in degrees for alpha, beta, gamma euler angles.

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Curator: Daniel Gschwend, gschwend@cgl.ucsf.edu (rev. 1 September 1995)